TaxMath

Tax Notes & News

Updates, analysis, and notes for federal and state/provincial tax information. Use the links below to jump to the live Tax Tables for each jurisdiction, or read our in-depth articles.

Federal

Federal income tax brackets, capital gains, and standard deduction. Our tables are driven by the same data used in the calculator.

Recent notes

2026 tax changes: One Big Beautiful Bill Act

Six new federal deductions — tips, overtime, car loan interest, senior bonus, expanded SALT cap, and Trump Accounts — all effective for 2026.

2026 Federal income tax brackets

TCJA rates preserved by the OBBB: 10%–37% brackets with inflation-adjusted thresholds. Standard deduction $16,100 single / $32,200 MFJ.

Estate tax exemption rises to $15M — permanently

The OBBB made the elevated estate/gift tax exemption permanent at $15M per person ($30M per couple), indexed to inflation.

2025 Federal income tax brackets

Inflation-adjusted federal brackets and standard deduction for tax year 2025.

2024 Federal income tax brackets

IRS Revenue Procedure 23-34: 2024 inflation-adjusted brackets and standard deduction for single filers.

Federal articles

The IRS Is Phasing Out Paper Refund Checks: What You Need to Know

The IRS is pushing all tax refunds toward direct deposit and phasing out paper checks. Here's the timeline, who's affected, and how to set up direct deposit.

No Tax on Tips, No Tax on Overtime: How the New Deductions Actually Work

The new tip and overtime deductions sound simple, but the eligibility rules, income limits, and sunset dates create important nuances most coverage misses.

The New SALT Cap: $40,400 and What It Means State by State

The SALT deduction cap quadrupled from $10,000 to $40,400. Here's how it works, who benefits most, and why high-tax states are celebrating — cautiously.

2026 Federal Tax Brackets: Why the TCJA Didn't Sunset After All

The widely-feared reversion to pre-TCJA rates never happened. Here's what the 2026 federal brackets actually look like and how they compare to what would have been.

The One Big Beautiful Bill: What Actually Changed for 2026

A plain-language breakdown of the six new federal tax deductions — tips, overtime, car loan interest, senior bonus, expanded SALT, and Trump Accounts — including who qualifies and phase-outs most people miss.

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State & Local Analysis

In-depth articles on state-specific tax situations, legislative changes, and interstate comparisons.

Capital Gains Tax: A State-by-State Patchwork

Some states tax capital gains as ordinary income, some offer preferential rates, Washington has its standalone 7% tax, and several exempt them entirely. A comparison guide.

The Nine No-Income-Tax States: 2026 Scoreboard

An updated comparison of the nine states with no income tax — what each trades for zero income tax and how total tax burden actually compares at different income levels.

Washington's New Luxury Taxes: Cars, Boats, and Planes Over $100K

Starting 2026, Washington imposes an 8% surcharge on vehicles over $100K, plus new taxes on recreational watercraft and aircraft. How WA is building a patchwork of targeted taxes.

Illinois's Quiet Tax Overhaul: Joyce to Finnigan and Beyond

Illinois shifted from Joyce to Finnigan apportionment, capped GILTI deductions, and eliminated key expense addbacks — changes that significantly affect businesses operating across state lines.

New York's Estate Tax Cliff: Why $7.35 Million Is the Most Dangerous Number

New York's estate tax exemption is $7.35M with no portability and a punitive 'cliff' that can tax your entire estate. A case study in state-federal divergence.

The Great State Tax Divide: 26 States Have Cut Rates Since 2021

Red states are racing to cut or eliminate income taxes while some blue states raise them. The resulting migration and competition is reshaping the US tax map.

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Planning & Explainers

Practical guides on tax planning strategies, new forms, and how to make the most of the 2026 tax changes.

Bonus Depreciation at 20%: What's Left for Small Business in 2026

The TCJA's bonus depreciation continues its phase-down to just 20% in 2026, with full expiration in 2027. Here's what business owners should know about the QBI extension and Section 179.

When Does Itemizing Beat the Standard Deduction in 2026?

With a higher standard deduction but also a quadrupled SALT cap, the itemizing calculus changed dramatically. Here's the break-even analysis by state, income, and homeownership.

Schedule 1-A: The Brand New Tax Form You Need to Know About

The IRS created a new form specifically for the OBBB deductions. Here's what goes on it, how it works with your other forms, and mistakes to avoid.

The $6,000 Senior Bonus Deduction: A New Benefit for Taxpayers 65+

Taxpayers 65 and older can claim an extra $6,000 deduction starting in 2025. Here's how it stacks with existing age-based deductions and what the real-world impact looks like.

The Car Loan Interest Deduction: Which Vehicles Qualify?

Up to $10,000 in interest on US-manufactured vehicle loans is now deductible. Here's which vehicles qualify, how to claim it, and the actual tax savings at different income levels.

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Canadian provinces

Select a province to open its rate tables. Federal (Canada) and provincial brackets are available on the Tax Tables page.

Browse all tax tables by year and jurisdiction →